History of biological engineering techniques applied to watercourses

Abstract

Living plants have been used for a very long time, everywhere in the world, in structures against soil erosion. At its best in France during the 19th century, bioengineering has increased in attention in Europe since the thirties. This paper identifies, based on an extensive bibliography, different kinds of structures built in the past, in the rivers and on the riverbanks, mainly in Europe. From booms in fascine or weaving until sowing on the riverbanks or wicker basket, many techniques, single or blinded, are outlined. Today, structures combine more and more modern materials (geotextiles for example), sometimes synthetic, and plants.